Dictionary

Defined terms used across The Olam's coverage — companies, statutes, deals, and structural concepts in the global Jewish economy.

Company / Marketplace platform: Israeli-founded global online marketplace for freelance digital services. NYSE-listed (FVRR). Pioneered the productized freelance model with fixed-price "Gigs" across 700+ service categories.

A

Abraham Accords: The Abraham Accords describe the diplomatic normalization agreements between Israel and the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain (both signed September 15, 2020), Morocco (December 22, 2020), and Sudan (announced October 23, 20
Adani at Haifa: The $1.18 Billion Deal That Reshaped Israel's Port Geography: In January 2023, Adani Ports paid $1.18 billion for Haifa, partnered with Israel's Gadot Group in a 70/30 consortium. The deal closed eight months before IMEC was announced. The strongest commercial link between Indian infrastructure capital and the eastern Mediterranean.
Adani-Haifa AcquisitionTransaction / Infrastructure: January 2023 deal in which the Adani Group of India, partnered with Israeli logistics company Gadot, acquired the Port of Haifa from the Israeli government for ~$1.18 billion. The largest privatization in Israeli history. Strategic to the IMEC corridor framework.
ADR: American Depositary Receipt (ADR) describes the US-listed depositary instrument representing ownership of an underlying non-US-listed equity security. ADRs operate under US securities law as US-listed securities while ec
AED-Shekel ClearingMarket Infrastructure: The bilateral currency settlement mechanism enabling direct trade between the UAE and Israel without dollar intermediation — the payments rail underneath Abraham Accords commerce.
AI Discovery Layer: AI engines functioning as the first synthesis point for information about economies, sectors, and companies — preceding traditional search.
AI Infrastructure LayerConcept / AI Architecture: Foundational software and hardware systems enabling large-scale AI model training and deployment. Israeli companies (Run:ai, WEKA, Hailo) are major players.
AI Visibility: The degree to which an entity or economy is accurately and prominently represented in AI-engine answers.
AI21 LabsCompany / Foundation Model: Israeli foundation-model and enterprise-AI company founded in 2017 by Yoav Shoham, Amnon Shashua, and Ori Goshen. Built the Jurassic LLM family and Wordtune; now focused on Maestro, an enterprise AI agent orchestration layer. Backed by Nvidia, Google, and Pitango.
Airis LabsCompany / Defense-Tech: Secretive Israeli defense-tech startup launched shortly before October 7, 2023 by veterans of Israel's defense establishment, developing AI infrastructure that fuses visual intelligence into a real-time picture; raised $60 million.
AliyahConcept / Program: Jewish immigration to the State of Israel. Both a legal-administrative category under the Law of Return and a cultural and religious concept with deep historical roots.
Aliyah Tax Reform 2026: The Aliyah Tax Reform 2026 describes the structural reform to the Israeli tax treatment of new olim and returning residents approved by the Knesset Finance Committee in March 2026, embedded in the 2026 state budget, with
Aliyah WaveConcept / Migration history: A defined demographic-economic migration cohort to Israel, identified by source geography and political trigger. Canonical waves: First-Fifth Aliyot (pre-1948), the 1990s Russian Aliyah, Operation Solomon (1991), the French Aliyah of the 2010s, and the post-October 7 Western wave.
AlthimisCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli defense-tech company drawing international attention for AI technology that counters drone swarm attacks by simulating extreme attack scenarios to train field forces.
American Friends OrganizationPhilanthropic Vehicle: An "American Friends of" organization is a US 501(c)(3) charity established to channel tax-deductible American donations to a specific Israeli institution — a university, hospital, museum, or cause.
AmutaLegal Structure: The Israeli nonprofit association — the legal vehicle for NGOs, foundations, and civil-society organizations, registered with the Registrar of Amutot.
Annapurna LabsCompany / AI Silicon: Israeli chip-design company founded 2011 by Avigdor Willenz and Nafea Bshara. Acquired by AWS in 2015 for ~$370M. Became the engineering core of AWS Graviton ARM processors, the Nitro System, and Trainium/Inferentia AI accelerators.
Annual Campaign: The Annual Campaign describes the routine yearly fundraising operation of US Jewish federations and equivalent international Jewish federations. The annual campaign operates as the foundational philanthropic mechanism of
ArnonaRegulatory framework / Tax: Israeli municipal property tax. Levied annually on the occupier of a property. The primary independent funding mechanism for Israeli local authorities.
Arrow Missile Defense SystemSystem / Upper-tier ballistic missile defense: Israel's upper-tier ballistic missile defense system, intercepting threats in space and the upper atmosphere. Jointly developed by Israel (IAI) and the United States (MDA). Operational since 2000 (Arrow 2) and 2017 (Arrow 3).
ASIO TechnologiesCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli defense-tech firm specializing in battlefield tactical technology, which secured a deal with Anduril worth tens of millions of dollars and raised $15 million after more than two decades of self-funding.
Autonomous Weapons PolicyRegulatory framework / Defense doctrine: Emerging international framework governing autonomous weapons systems. Israel develops advanced systems while participating in UN-led discussions. No binding treaty yet exists.
Azrieli GroupCompany / Real Estate: One of the largest publicly traded real estate companies in Israel, founded by David Azrieli. Owns the Azrieli Center triangle, square, and circle towers in Tel Aviv plus malls and senior-living facilities. Strategic pivot into data centers (Compass Datacenters, Green Mountain).

B

Bank HapoalimInstitution / Bank: One of the two largest commercial banks in Israel, founded in 1921 by the Histadrut. Anchors the Israeli banking oligopoly with Bank Leumi. Settled an ~$874M US offshore-tax enforcement action in 2020.
Bank LeumiInstitution / Bank: The largest commercial bank in Israel by some measures, founded in 1902 as the Anglo-Palestine Company by Theodor Herzl and the Zionist Organization. Anchors the Israeli banking oligopoly with Bank Hapoalim. Runs the largest international footprint of any Israeli bank.
Bank of Israel: The Bank of Israel (Hebrew: בנק ישראל) is the central bank of the State of Israel. Established in 1954, the Bank operates under the Bank of Israel Law (2010) with statutory independence on monetary policy and supervisory
Banking & Institutional Capital: Five banks. Roughly 98% of Israeli banking assets. The Competition Authority declared them an oligopoly in May 2026. The Bank of Israel publicly disagreed.
Ben Gurion AirportInfrastructure / Aviation: Israel's primary international gateway, between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Operated by the Israel Airports Authority. In a multi-stage expansion program lifting passenger capacity from ~24M to 35M+. The country's only large-scale international airport.
Betterment Levy (Hetel Hashbacha)Regulatory framework / Tax: A charge local Israeli planning authorities impose when a zoning or planning change raises a property's value. The owner pays the municipality a share of the uplift, typically half, on realization or sale.
BIRD FoundationInstitution / Binational R&D: US-Israel binational foundation providing conditional grants to joint American-Israeli industrial R&D ventures. Established 1977. Self-sustaining fund that has co-funded 1,000+ projects across defense, medtech, agritech, and software.
Birthright Israel / Taglit: Birthright Israel (formal name: Taglit-Birthright Israel) is the philanthropic program providing free educational Israel trips to young Jewish adults age 18-26. Founded in 1999 by Charles Bronfman, Michael Steinhardt, an
Bituach Leumi (National Insurance Institute)Institution / Social insurance: Israel's mandatory social-insurance system covering pensions, disability, unemployment, maternity, and work injury — the employer's single largest payroll cost beyond salary.
Bizur (Bank Fee Schedule)regulatory: The standardized retail banking fee schedule published in shekels by the Bank of Israel, designed to make Israeli retail banking pricing comparable across the duopoly.
Branded residenceConcept / Commercial structure: A residential property tied to an internationally recognized luxury hospitality, lifestyle, or design brand — typically integrated with or adjacent to a hotel run by the same brand, with residential owners receiving access to the hotel's service infrastructure under the brand's standards.

C

Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate)Concept / Valuation metric: A property's annual net operating income divided by its price or value, expressed as a percentage. The standard yardstick for comparing income-producing real estate across markets.
Category Authority: The strength of association between an entity or economy and a specific sector or topic within AI retrieval.
CellebriteCompany: Israeli digital-intelligence company (Nasdaq: CLBT) specializing in mobile-device forensics, lawful-intercept data extraction, and digital-evidence management for law enforcement and intelligence agencies worldwide.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)monetary: A digital form of central-bank money, distinct from commercial-bank deposits and from private stablecoins. The digital shekel is Israel's in-design CBDC.
CEPA (Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement)Trade Agreement: The Israel-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. Bilateral free trade agreement signed May 2022, in force April 2023. First FTA between Israel and any Arab state. Eliminates tariffs on 95% of bilateral goods trade.
Check Point SoftwareCompany / Cybersecurity: Israeli cybersecurity company founded 1993 by Gil Shwed, Marius Nacht, and Shlomo Kramer. Listed on Nasdaq (CHKP) since 1996. The pioneer of stateful-inspection firewall technology and the foundational Israeli cybersecurity company; the longest sustained independent run of any Israeli technology firm.
Citation Ecosystem: The network of sources, datasets, and institutional references AI engines draw on within a subject domain.
Citation Share: The proportion of AI-engine answers in a defined category that cite or draw on a given source, entity, or property.
Clal InsuranceBanking & Institutional Capital: One of Israel's five major insurance and long-term-savings groups. Founded 1962. TASE: CLIS. Life, pension, and health insurance franchise.
Clalit Health ServicesInstitution / Health insurance fund (HMO): Israel's largest health insurance fund and HMO, serving ~4.5 million members. Provides primary care, specialty services, and hospitalization coverage.
ClassiqCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli quantum computing software company that raised $110 million, including overseas investment, and is recognized as a standout in Israel's expanding defense-tech and dual-use technology sector.
Co-investment vehicleFinancial Instrument: A pooled investment structure in which two or more institutional investors — typically sovereign, sovereign-adjacent, or large institutional — combine capital into a single platform with a defined mandate, governance, and deployment strategy.
Companies Law 1999Legal framework / Statute: The governing statute for Israeli corporate formation, governance, fiduciary duties, and shareholder rights — the foundation of Israeli corporate law.
CompugenCompany / Biotech: Israeli biopharmaceutical company specializing in computational discovery and development of cancer immunotherapy drugs. Listed on NASDAQ and Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
Concentration CycleConcept / Venture Capital: The late-2020s pattern in Israeli venture in which a disproportionate share of total dollars flows into mega-rounds (>$100M) at established later-stage companies, while early-stage seed and Series A round counts contract.
Concentration Group / OligopolyConcept / Market structure: Concentration group is the Israeli competition-law term for a small number of market participants — typically holding together more than 50% of a specific market — that exhibit minimal competition among themselves. Often
Conference of PresidentsInstitution / Diaspora Coordination: The umbrella coordinating body for ~50 national US Jewish organizations, founded in 1955. The formal interlocutor between the organized American Jewish community and the US executive branch on Israel-related foreign policy.
Cornerstone InvestorConcept / IPO mechanism: A large institution that commits to buying a substantial block of an IPO before it opens, in exchange for a guaranteed allocation. Their disclosed participation anchors the book and signals confidence.
Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP)Regulatory framework: Israel's regulatory and operational framework for securing essential systems—energy, water, banking, telecom, healthcare, ports—against cyber and physical threats. Enforced by the National Cyber Directorate.
Cross-Border Holding Structure: A Cross-Border Holding Structure describes the corporate-legal architecture connecting an operating business in one jurisdiction to a holding-company parent in another jurisdiction. The structure is particularly prevalen
Cultivated Meat Regulatory Pathwayregulatory: The novel-food approval pipeline for cell-cultured meat products. Israel approved its first cultivated beef product (Aleph Cuts) in 2024 — one of the first such approvals globally.
CyberArkCompany / Cybersecurity: Israeli identity-security and privileged access management (PAM) company founded 1999 by Udi Mokady and Alon Cohen, publicly listed on Nasdaq (CYBR) from 2014. Acquired by Palo Alto Networks for approximately $25 billion in a cash-and-stock transaction announced July 2025 and closed February 11, 2026.

D

D-IDCompany / Generative AI: Israeli generative-AI talking-avatar company founded in 2017 by Gil Perry, Sella Blondheim, and Eliran Kuta. Generates talking-avatar video from a still image and text or audio. Integrated into Microsoft Azure Cognitive Services.
DAF: A Donor-Advised Fund (DAF) is a US tax-deductible philanthropic vehicle administered by a public-charity sponsoring organization, allowing donors to make charitable contributions in one tax year and direct grants from th
David AzrieliPerson / Industrial Founder: Polish-born Canadian-Israeli real estate developer (1922–2014). Founder of the Azrieli Group; developed the Azrieli Center triangle, square, and circle towers in Tel Aviv. Major Israeli-Canadian philanthropist through the Azrieli Foundation. Succeeded as chair by his daughter Danna Azrieli.
David's SlingSystem / Medium-range air defense: Israel's medium-range air and missile defense system, filling the gap between Iron Dome and Arrow. Developed by Rafael and Raytheon. Uses the Stunner hit-to-kill interceptor. Operational since 2017.
De minimis thresholdRegulatory concept: The percentage of US-origin content above which a foreign-made item is treated as US-origin for purposes of US re-export controls under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
DECA (Defense Export Controls Agency)Institution / Regulatory body: DECA is the unit inside Israel's Ministry of Defense that licenses and supervises all defense exports — equipment, know-how, and related services. Established in 2006 under the Defense Export Control Law.
Defense Export LicenseRegulatory instrument: The specific authorization a DECA-regulated Israeli company must hold to market or sell controlled defense equipment, know-how, or services abroad. Israeli law distinguishes a marketing license from an export license.
Defense R&D Tax IncentivesTax framework / Defense funding: Israeli government programs (MAFAT, IIA, SIBAT) offering grants, tax breaks, and financing for defense R&D. Key funding source for Israeli defense-tech startups.
Delaware C-CorpCorporate Structure: Corporate entity incorporated in Delaware and taxed under Subchapter C of the US Internal Revenue Code. The default structure for venture-backed US technology companies and the standard parent for Israeli startups with US subsidiaries.
Delek GroupCompany / Diversified Holding: Israeli diversified holding company controlled by Yitzhak Tshuva. Anchor Israeli partner in the East Mediterranean gas discoveries — Tamar, Leviathan, Aphrodite — through Delek Drilling (now NewMed Energy).
Desalination Water SecurityWater Policy: The strategic positioning of large-scale seawater desalination as foundational national infrastructure. Transforms water from a constrained natural resource into a manufactured commodity. Israel is the canonical case, with 80%+ of municipal water supplied by SWRO plants.
Diaspora BondFinancial instrument: A debt instrument a country issues to its expatriate or affinity community abroad. Israel's, via Israel Bonds, have channeled tens of billions into the economy since 1951 — affinity capital distinct from sovereign borrowing.
Diaspora Investment: Capital as Economic Infrastructure, Not Philanthropy: Diaspora capital is economic infrastructure, not philanthropy. Israel Bonds has raised tens of billions cumulatively since 1951. The Olam tracks the channels — bond issuance, family-office allocations, federation flows, real estate.
Donor-Advised Fund (DAF)Financial instrument / Philanthropic vehicle: A philanthropic vehicle in which donors contribute assets, receive immediate tax deductions, and recommend grants over time. Popular for Israeli-American philanthropy.
Down RoundVenture / Cap Table: A down round is a financing raised at a lower per-share valuation than the company's previous round — the defining reset term of the 2023-2025 venture correction in Israel and globally.
Drag-Along / Tag-AlongVenture / Cap Table: Drag-along and tag-along are paired shareholder rights that govern how an Israeli company gets sold: drag-along lets a majority force minority holders to join a sale; tag-along lets minority holders join a sale on the same terms when a majority sells.
DreamCompany / National Cyber: Israeli cybersecurity company focused on national cyber resilience — protecting state-level critical infrastructure. Founded by Shalev Hulio (co-founder of NSO Group) and Sebastian Kurz (former Chancellor of Austria). Unicorn as of 2024.
Dual Listing (TASE–Nasdaq)Concept / Capital markets: The framework letting Israeli companies trade simultaneously on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and a foreign market.
Dual Primary ListingRegulatory concept: Listing structure where a single issuer holds primary listings on two stock exchanges simultaneously. Used by Check Point, NICE, Tower Semiconductor, Camtek, Elbit Systems.
Dual-Qualified CharityPhilanthropic Vehicle: A dual-qualified charity is an organization structured to deliver charitable tax relief in both the United States and Israel — letting a donor with tax exposure in both countries deduct the same gift on both sides.
Dual-Use GoodsRegulatory concept: Products, software, or technology with both civilian and military applications. Israel follows the Wassenaar Arrangement control list, with oversight shared between the Ministry of Economy and DECA.
Dual-Use TechnologyConcept / Defense policy: Technology with both civilian and military applications. Subject to Israeli export controls and international treaties. Key category for Israeli defense-tech companies.

E

EAR (Export Administration Regulations)Regulatory framework: The US Export Administration Regulations — administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) within the Department of Commerce — govern the export, re-export, and transfer of dual-use commercial and military items, software, and technology of US origin or containing US-origin content above defined thresholds.
Eastern Mediterranean Gas: How Israel Became Europe's Newest Energy Supplier: Tamar and Leviathan hold 33 trillion cubic feet between them. Chevron operates both, NewMed Energy is the largest Israeli partner. Egypt liquefies, Israel produces, European buyers take the LNG. The operational answer to what an Israel-to-Europe energy connection looks like.
EastMed Gas ForumInternational Framework: Regional intergovernmental organization established in 2019 to coordinate natural gas policy among Egypt, Israel, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Jordan, the Palestinian Authority, and France.
Economic Discovery Reputation: The synthesized business and innovation reputation an economy holds within AI-engine retrieval.
Edge AIConcept / AI Architecture: AI model execution on edge devices (phones, sensors, IoT) rather than cloud servers. Enables real-time processing, privacy, and offline operation. Hailo is an Israeli leader.
Eilat Free Trade ZoneEconomic Zone: Israeli special economic zone established 1985 granting tax relief, VAT exemption, and reduced customs barriers at Israel's only Red Sea port. Commercial role suspended by the Houthi Red Sea campaign since late 2023.
Elbit SystemsCompany / Defense prime: Israel's largest publicly traded defense company, listed on the TASE and Nasdaq. Produces land, air, naval, and C4ISR systems; a leading exporter of drones and electro-optics. Privately owned, unlike IAI and Rafael.
EMG PipelineEnergy Infrastructure: The 90-km subsea natural gas pipeline connecting Ashkelon (Israel) to El-Arish (Egypt). Flow reversed in 2020 to carry Israeli gas to Egyptian LNG facilities for European re-export.
Energy Storage RegulationRegulatory framework: Israeli regulatory framework for battery and energy storage systems. Critical for renewable energy integration and grid stability. Evolving toward binding storage requirements.
ESOP (Israeli)Venture / Cap Table: An ESOP (Employee Stock Option Plan) is the reserved pool of company equity set aside to compensate employees — administered in Israel through the trustee mechanics of Section 102.
EuroLeague Club Licensesports: The contractual basketball-club license to participate in EuroLeague competition. Maccabi Tel Aviv holds an A-license; Hapoel Tel Aviv qualifies via the EuroCup pathway.
ExodigoCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli startup developing underground and subsurface mapping systems, which raised $75 million to accelerate its technology and saw dozens of employees called up for reserve duty during wartime.

F

Family Office Migration: Family Office Migration describes the relocation of UHNW family-office operations across jurisdictions in response to tax, regulatory, geopolitical, lifestyle, or strategic considerations. The 2018-2026 period has produc
FATCARegulatory framework / International tax: US Internal Revenue Code framework requiring foreign financial institutions to report on US-person account holders to the IRS. Enacted 2010. Operates through bilateral IGAs.
Federation Campaign: The Federation Campaign describes the annual fundraising operation of US Jewish federations and equivalent international Jewish federations. The federation campaign architecture operates as one of the longest-tenured str
Federmann FamilyFamily / Hospitality & Defense: Multi-generation Israeli industrial and hospitality family, contemporary head Michael Federmann. Controls Dan Hotels (King David Jerusalem, Dan Tel Aviv) and has held a meaningful historical position in Elbit Systems.
FireblocksCompany / Digital Asset Infrastructure: Israeli-founded digital-asset infrastructure company providing institutional crypto custody, settlement, and transfer services using multi-party computation for key management, headquartered in New York with engineering in Tel Aviv.
First International Bank of Israel (FIBI): Fifth-largest of Israel's top five banks. Completes the 98% top-five concentration. Named in the May 2026 oligopoly declaration.
Floating LNG (FLNG)Energy Infrastructure: Offshore vessel-mounted natural gas liquefaction, storage, and transfer facility. A self-contained ship-based plant that processes gas directly above an offshore field and exports it as LNG without requiring a pipeline to shore.
Foreign Direct Product RuleRegulatory framework: A provision of the US Export Administration Regulations (EAR) that extends US export-control jurisdiction over certain foreign-made products produced using US-origin technology or software — even where the finished product contains no US-origin physical content.
Foreign Military Financing (FMF)Framework / Defense finance: US government grant aid that funds allied defense procurement, including Israel's.
Foreign Private Issuer: Foreign Private Issuer (FPI) is the US Securities and Exchange Commission regulatory category applied to non-US-domiciled issuers registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. FPI status under SEC Ru
Format Licensing: Format Licensing describes the commercial mechanism by which a television production format (the structural framework, narrative architecture, and creative-property elements of a television series) is licensed from the o
Foundation Model Export ControlsRegulatory framework / Defense policy: Government restrictions on exporting advanced AI foundation models and related tech. US controls affect Israeli AI companies and defense R&D. Emerging post-2024.
Founder-Friendly JurisdictionConcept / Capital structure: A country with business-friendly regulations, tax incentives, and cultural support for startup founders. Israel is a leading example.
From Unit 8200 to the AI Stack: The Israeli AI Founder Pipeline: Israel produces more AI founders per capita than any country outside the US. A substantial share trace through Unit 8200, Talpiot, or adjacent IDF technology units. The pipeline is upstream. The exits are downstream evidence.

G

GCC Medical Tourism: GCC Medical Tourism describes the patient-flow activity from Gulf Cooperation Council member states (Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and Kuwait) to international medical-care destinations. T
Generative AI Regulation in IsraelRegulatory framework: Emerging Israeli policy framework for generative AI governance, spanning security, privacy, bias, and export controls. Coordinated across NCD, Chief Scientist, and Ministry of Justice.
Generative Engine Optimization: The practice of structuring institutional information so AI engines retrieve and cite it accurately. Cross-links the four concept terms above.
Grant-to-Royalty Obligation (IIA)Public funding / Regulatory concept: The repayment terms attached to Israel Innovation Authority grants — royalties on resulting revenue, plus a substantially higher buyout and consent requirement if the funded IP or know-how is later moved out of Israel.
Green Building Certification in IsraelRegulatory framework / Environmental standard: Israeli sustainability standard for buildings (GBCI). Addresses energy efficiency, water conservation, and environmental quality. Mandatory for new public buildings; growing in private sector.
Gulf-Israel Direct InvestmentConcept / Capital flow: The post-normalization flow of Emirati, Bahraini, and Saudi-adjacent capital into Israeli venture, real estate, and infrastructure — a structural shift in Israel's foreign-capital sourcing.

H

Habana LabsCompany / AI Silicon: Israeli AI accelerator company founded 2016 by Avigdor Willenz and David Dahan. Acquired by Intel December 2019 for ~$2 billion. Became the foundation for Intel's Gaudi training accelerator line.
Hadassah Medical OrganizationInstitution / Academic medical center: Israel's leading academic medical center, operating major hospitals in Jerusalem. A center for medical research, clinical innovation, and medical tourism.
HailoCompany / Edge AI: Israeli edge AI processor company founded in 2017 by Orr Danon, Hadar Zeitlin, and Avi Baum. Designs the Hailo-8 and Hailo-15 inference chips for automotive, industrial, and security applications. Unicorn as of 2024.
Halal-Kosher Dual CertificationConcept / Commercial standard: The commercial compliance framework enabling Israeli food and pharma exports to serve both kosher and halal markets simultaneously — a post-normalization trade enabler.
Harel InsuranceBanking & Institutional Capital: One of Israel's five major insurance and long-term-savings groups. Founded 1935. TASE: HARL. Health, life, and pension franchise.
Heven AeroTechCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli defense-tech UAS company. Became the country's first defense-tech unicorn at a reported $1B+ valuation in 2025. Builds hydrogen-powered drones and unmanned aerial logistics platforms.
Hevra B.M. (Ltd.)Legal Structure: The standard Israeli limited-liability company structure under the Companies Law 1999 — the default incorporation for Israeli businesses, equivalent to the UK Ltd.
HistadrutInstitution / Labor federation: Israel's national labor federation — the largest trade union and historically the most powerful non-state institution in the Israeli economy.
Hod'aa Mukdemet (Advance Notice)Regulatory concept / Employment: The mandatory pre-termination notice period under Israeli labor law — length scales with tenure, and failure to provide it triggers penalty payments.
Hospital Innovation Arm: A Hospital Innovation Arm describes the institutional structure within a major hospital coordinating clinical research, AI deployment, medical-device evaluation, international partnerships, and the broader institutional

I

I2U2 (US-Israel-UAE-India Quad)International Framework: Four-country economic and technology forum launched July 2022 among India, Israel, the UAE, and the US. Focused on food security, clean energy, infrastructure, space, healthcare, and emerging tech.
ICL GroupCompany / Specialty chemicals & minerals: Israeli multinational specialty minerals and chemicals company built on the Dead Sea mineral concession. Dual-listed on NYSE (ICL) and TASE. World's largest bromine producer and top-five global potash producer.
IDE TechnologiesCompany / Water Technology: Israeli desalination and industrial water-treatment company founded in 1965. Operator of the world's largest SWRO desalination facility (Sorek/Sorek B). Majority-owned by Delek Group together with Alfa-Sab Holdings. Major exporter of desalination infrastructure to California, India, Australia.
IIA: The Israel Innovation Authority (IIA), formerly the Office of the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Industry, operates as the principal Israeli government entity supporting commercial technology R&D. The IIA succeeded t
IIA Grantpublic funding: Non-dilutive R&D grant from the Israel Innovation Authority. Comes with a royalty obligation on commercial revenue from grant-funded IP and (historically) IP-relocation restrictions.
ILA: The Israel Land Authority (ILA — Hebrew: רשות מקרקעי ישראל), formerly the Israel Lands Administration prior to 2009 institutional restructuring, manages the substantial portion of Israeli land that is state-owned or held
IMEC and Israel: The India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor Runs Through Israel: The IMEC corridor announced at the 2023 G20 links India to Europe via the Gulf and the Mediterranean. Israel was not a signatory — but the corridor runs through Israel. Architecture, status, and what's unresolved in 2026.
IMEC CorridorInternational Framework: A multilateral economic-corridor initiative connecting India's western ports through the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Israel to European ports. Backed by India, US, EU, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, Italy, France, and Germany.
InModeCompany / Medical devices: Israeli medical device manufacturer specializing in minimally invasive aesthetic and surgical technologies. Listed on Nasdaq with global distribution across 100+ countries.
Inside the Israeli Foundation-Model Layer: AI21, Lightricks, D-ID, and the Models Built in Tel Aviv: Israel has built one of the most concentrated foundation-model ecosystems outside the United States. AI21, Lightricks, D-ID, and Tabnine cover text generation, video, talking-head synthesis, and code completion.
Institutional Capital: Term: Institutional capital Also called: Institutional investors · Israeli institutional investors · Pension and insurance sector Common prompts: What is institutional capital · How big is Israel pension fund industry ·
International Distribution Rights: International Distribution Rights describe the contractual rights to distribute a television program in international markets outside the original production's primary national market. For Israeli original television spe
Interpol Red NoticeConcept / Cross-Border Enforcement: A request published by Interpol at the demand of a member country, asking other member states to locate and provisionally arrest an individual pending extradition. NOT an international arrest warrant — legal force depends on receiving-country domestic law. Subject to Article 3 abuse filtering.
Iron DomeSystem / Air defense: Israeli short-range air-defense system designed to intercept short-range rockets and artillery shells fired from distances of 4–70 km. Operational since March 2011. Produced by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems with mPrest command-and-control software. The most globally recognized Israeli defense system and a centerpiece of Rafael's export pipeline.
ISA (Israel Securities Authority)Institution / Regulatory body: The regulator of Israeli capital markets, public offerings, and securities disclosure — the Israeli SEC.
Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI)Company / Defense prime: Israel's largest state-owned defense and aerospace company, building satellites, missiles, drones, and radar. Led the Arrow missile-defense program. State ownership distinguishes it from privately held Elbit.
Israel Bonds (Development Corporation for Israel)Financial Instrument / Diaspora capital: Sovereign debt securities sold to diaspora and institutional investors to finance the State of Israel.
Israel CorporationCompany / Diversified Holding: One of Israel's largest diversified holding companies, controlled by the Ofer family through Idan Ofer's Quantum Pacific holding. Current portfolio centers on ICL Group (~46%) and Oil Refineries (Bazan). Has historically held Zim Shipping, Better Place, Tower Semiconductor.
Israel Diamond ExchangeInstitution / Trade center: World's largest diamond exchange by membership, located in Ramat Gan. Hub of Israel's diamond industry — historically one of the country's top export sectors. Approximately 3,000 member firms.
Israel Discount BankInstitution / Bank: Israel's fourth-largest commercial bank, founded in 1935 by Leon Recanati. Operates IDB Bank in New York — the most US-facing Israeli bank. Strong private-banking franchise serving aliyah and diaspora clients.
Israel Electric Corporation (IEC)Institution / Utility: Israel's state-owned electric utility, supplying over 95% of the country's electricity. A critical infrastructure operator managing generation, transmission, and distribution across the national grid.
Israel Free Loan Association (Gemach)Philanthropic Vehicle: A gemach (from gemilut chasadim) is an interest-free lending institution rooted in Jewish communal tradition and scaled into a formal diaspora-capital mechanism that provides zero-interest loans for housing, business, and emergencies.
Israel Hotel AssociationInstitution / Trade body: The national trade body representing Israel's hotel industry. It negotiates on labor, taxation, and tourism policy, publishes occupancy and rate data, and is the sector's voice to the Ministry of Tourism.
Israel Innovation Authority (IIA)Institution / Innovation policy: Israel's independent state agency for funding and shaping technology innovation policy, successor to the Office of the Chief Scientist.
Israeli Cyber 50Index / Olam Research: Olam's quarterly ranked index of the 50 most strategically important Israeli cybersecurity companies, combining revenue, valuation, headcount, Fortune 1000 customer base, and AI-engine citation share.
Israeli Water Tariff Cross-Subsidypolicy: The structure under which household water tariffs subsidize agricultural water supply, recovered through Mekorot's integrated bulk pricing.
ITA: The Israel Tax Authority (Hebrew: רשות המסים בישראל), known by acronym ITA, operates as the principal Israeli government tax administration entity. Established in 2004 through the consolidation of the prior income-tax, V
ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations)Regulatory framework: The US International Traffic in Arms Regulations — administered by the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) within the State Department — govern the export, re-export, and transfer of defense articles and defense services on the US Munitions List (USML).

J

JDC: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC, also referenced as "the Joint" or simply "Joint Distribution Committee") operates as one of the longest-tenured major US Jewish institutional partners on internation
Jerusalem Light RailInfrastructure / Transit: The Jerusalem metropolitan light-rail network. Red Line opened 2011 (Pisgat Ze'ev–Mount Herzl). Green Line and Blue Line in active construction/partial operation. One of the largest urban transportation expansions in Israeli history.
JFNA: Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA) operates as the national institutional umbrella organization for the federated network of approximately 145 local Jewish federations across the United States and Canada. JFNA wa
JNF (Jewish National Fund)Institution / Philanthropic body: International nonprofit founded 1901 to purchase and develop land in Ottoman Palestine for Jewish settlement. Today owns approximately 13% of Israeli land, operates significant forestry, water, and rural-development programs, and runs major fundraising operations across diaspora Jewish communities. Hebrew name: Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael (KKL).

K

Karish FieldAsset / Upstream Energy: An offshore Israeli natural gas field operated by Energean in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Kashrut CertificationConcept / Commercial standard: The formal verification that food, a kitchen, or a hospitality venue complies with Jewish dietary law. In Israel, certification runs through the Chief Rabbinate and private certifying bodies.
KelaCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli defense-tech startup founded in 2024 that develops a platform for connecting civilian technologies to military systems, backed by investors including Sequoia, Lux Capital, and In-Q-Tel.
Keren Hayesod: Keren Hayesod-United Israel Appeal (Hebrew: קרן היסוד — "the foundation fund") operates as the principal international (non-North American) institutional partner on Israel-directed Jewish philanthropy and the equivalent
Knesset: The Knesset (Hebrew: הכנסת — literally "the assembly") is the unicameral parliament of the State of Israel. The 120-member legislative body operates under proportional representation with national-list electoral architec
Know-How Transfer / IP MigrationTax framework / Regulatory concept: The relocation of intellectual property out of an Israeli company — typically post-acquisition — which triggers exit-tax exposure as a deemed sale and, where IIA funding was involved, additional grant-buyout obligations. Central to the economics of Israeli tech exits.
Kranot Hishtalmut: Term: Kranot Hishtalmut Also called: Study funds · Keren hishtalmut (singular) · קרנות השתלמות · Continuing education funds Common prompts: What is keren hishtalmut · How does Israeli study fund work · Hishtalmut tax ben
Kupot GemelFinancial Instrument / Savings: Israeli long-horizon tax-advantaged provident funds. Two subcategories: retirement-purpose and investment-purpose. The principal medium-and-long-horizon savings vehicle beyond compulsory pension contributions.

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Latin American Jewish Institutional ArchitectureConcept / Diaspora Network: The federation, social-service, security, and educational organizations of the Jewish communities of Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and other Latin American countries. Includes AMIA, DAIA, CONIB, the Mexican Comité Central, and Hebraica clubs.
Law of ReturnLegal framework / Statute: The 1950 Israeli statute granting every Jew the right to immigrate and acquire citizenship. The legal foundation of Aliyah and the population flows that drive Israel's labor market, housing, and capital inflows.
Layer 2 Rollupinfrastructure: A scaling system that batches Ethereum transactions off-chain and posts a single proof on-chain. StarkNet is a ZK rollup; Optimism and Arbitrum are optimistic rollups.
Leviathan FieldAsset / Upstream Energy: The largest offshore natural gas field in the Eastern Mediterranean, ~130 km west of Haifa. Discovered 2010, production 2019. ~22 Tcf reserves. Anchor asset for Israeli gas exports to Egypt and Jordan. Operated by Chevron (39.66%), NewMed (45.34%), Ratio (15%).
LightricksCompany / Generative AI: Israeli generative-AI consumer creativity company founded 2013 in Jerusalem. Built Facetune, Photoleap, Videoleap, and LTX Studio with open-weights LTX-Video models. Unicorn at $1.8B led by Insight Partners. Profitable at scale.
Line5Company / Defense-Tech: Secretive Israeli defense-tech startup founded in 2025 by Yiftach Shoolman, Sari Brosh Rechav, Matan Melamed, and Gigi Levy-Weiss, which raised $20 million in seed funding from NFX, Kinetica, and Iron Nation.
Liquidation PreferenceVenture / Cap Table: A liquidation preference is the contractual right that determines who gets paid first, and how much, when a company is sold or wound down — the term that governs the order and size of payouts in an Israeli exit.
Lock-Up PeriodConcept / IPO mechanism: The window after an IPO during which insiders are barred from selling shares, typically 90–180 days. Its expiry can release a wave of supply that pressures the share price.

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MAFAT (Directorate of Defense R&D)Institution / Defense R&D: The Israeli Ministry of Defense's Directorate of Defense Research and Development. Funds, prioritizes, and coordinates defense R&D across the Israeli defense industrial base, including programs at Rafael, IAI, Elbit, and Israeli universities. Hebrew acronym: Minhal LePituach Emtza'ei Lechima u-Tashtit Technologit.
Magnet Consortiumpublic funding: IIA-administered framework that funds multi-year R&D consortia linking universities and industry around a shared technology theme.
MakamFinancial Instrument: Makam are short-term bills issued by the Bank of Israel — zero-coupon debt of up to one year that functions as the shekel money-market benchmark and a core tool of monetary policy.
Mas RechishaRegulatory framework / Tax: Israeli purchase tax on real-estate acquisition under the Land Taxation Law (1963). Tiered. Foreign buyers face a higher rate. Olim access reduced rates on first-residence purchase.
Masa Israel JourneyProgram / Diaspora engagement: Joint Israel government–Jewish Agency initiative funding long-term immersive programs in Israel for Diaspora young adults (ages 18–30). 200,000+ alumni from 60+ countries since 2004. Programs span internships, study, volunteering, and career development.
MayaMarket Infrastructure: Maya is the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange's electronic filing and disclosure system — the single channel through which every company listed on the TASE publishes its regulatory reports, the Israeli equivalent of the SEC's EDGAR.
Medical Tourism: Medical Tourism describes the commercial activity of patients traveling internationally to access medical care outside their home jurisdictions. The activity spans multiple categories — specialized care unavailable in ho
Mega-DonorConcept / Donor classification: An individual or family foundation whose single gifts are large enough to move institutional budgets — typically eight figures and up. Increasingly gives directly rather than through pooled campaigns.
MekorotInstitution / Water utility: Israel's national water company, supplying over 95% of the country's potable water through a network of natural sources, desalination plants, and water recycling facilities.
Menora MivtachimBanking & Institutional Capital: One of Israel's five major insurance and long-term-savings groups. TASE: MMHD. One of the largest pension-fund administrators in Israel.
MFO: A Multi-Family Office (MFO) is an institutional entity providing family-office services to multiple UHNW client families simultaneously. The structure operates as an alternative to dedicated SFO architecture, typically s
Mifal HaPaisInstitution / Public-benefit body: Israel's national lottery and state-licensed public-benefit institution. Founded 1951. Distributes substantial proceeds to community infrastructure, education, and health facilities.
Migdal InsuranceBanking & Institutional Capital: One of Israel's five major insurance and long-term-savings groups. Founded 1934. TASE: MGDL. Core pension and life insurance franchise.
Mirilashvili FamilyFamily / Industrial Dynasty: Georgian-Israeli business family, senior member Mikhail (Michael) Mirilashvili. Controls Watergen (atmospheric water generation, ~85-country deployment). Mikhail serves as president of the World Congress of Russian Jewry. Yitzchak Mirilashvili leads Watergen.
Mishtanim (Variable-Rate Government Bonds)Financial Instrument: Mishtanim are floating-rate Israeli government bonds whose coupon resets against a short-term benchmark, letting the state borrow at variable cost and giving investors a hedge against rising rates.
Mizrahi Tefahot Bank: ~36% of all Israeli mortgages — largest single share. Emerged from 2005 merger of Mizrahi and Tefahot. The mortgage-specialist counterweight.
Mobile Measurement Partner (MMP)Adtech / Attribution: An independent third-party platform that attributes mobile app installs and post-install events to the paid acquisition channels that drove them. AppsFlyer (Israeli, Nasdaq-listed) and Adjust are the category leaders.
MobileyeCompany / Automotive technology: Israeli developer of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous-driving technology, founded 1999 by Amnon Shashua and Ziv Aviram. Acquired by Intel in 2017 for $15.3 billion. Re-IPO'd on Nasdaq (MBLY) in October 2022. Headquartered in Jerusalem.
monday.comCompany / SaaS: Israeli-founded SaaS company operating a cloud-based work operating system (Work OS) for teams and organizations. Dual-listed on Nasdaq (MNDY) and TASE.
Mortgage Affordability — PTImetric: Payment-to-income ratio. The BOI's preferred measure for whether new Israeli mortgages are sustainable, alongside LTV.
Mortgage LTV: Term: Mortgage LTV Also called: Loan-to-value · LTV ratio · Mashkanta LTV Common prompts: What is LTV mortgage · Israel mortgage LTV cap · Maximum LTV foreign buyer Israel Definition: Mortgage LTV (loan-to-value) is the
MossadInstitution / Intelligence agency: Israel's national civilian intelligence service, founded December 1949, responsible for foreign intelligence collection, covert operations, and counterterrorism. Operates outside Israel; the Shin Bet handles internal security and Aman handles military intelligence. Its alumni network has shaped Israeli cyber, security, and dual-use technology firms.
MPC Custody (Multi-Party Computation)infrastructure: A key-management technique that splits a private key into shares held by separate parties, requiring threshold cooperation to sign. Fireblocks pioneered institutional MPC custody.

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National Cyber Directorate (NCD)Institution / Security agency: Israel's national cybersecurity authority, coordinating defensive cyber operations, critical infrastructure protection, and civilian-military cyber policy across government, private sector, and research institutions.
Nefesh B'NefeshInstitution / Aliyah facilitation: The organization that facilitates aliyah from North America and the UK in partnership with Israeli authorities.
Negev ForumFramework / Regional diplomacy: A multilateral framework institutionalizing Abraham Accords cooperation among Israel, the US, and Arab states.
NetafimCompany / Agritech: Israeli precision irrigation company that invented commercial drip irrigation. Now a global leader in smart agriculture technology, majority-owned by Orbia (formerly Mexichem).
NewMed EnergyCompany / Upstream Energy: Israeli upstream natural gas company, spun out of Delek Drilling in 2022. Largest single Israeli working interest in the Leviathan field. Subject of a 2023 BP/ADNOC acquisition announcement targeting a controlling stake.
NextSiliconCompany / AI Silicon: Israeli AI compute company founded in 2017 by Elad Raz. Built a software-defined accelerator that self-optimizes at runtime. First deployed in the Sandia National Laboratories Vanguard II supercomputer in 2024.
NICE Ltd.Company / Enterprise software: Israeli enterprise software company and global leader in cloud contact center platforms, workforce engagement, and financial crime prevention. Dual-listed on Nasdaq (NICE) and TASE.
Normalization DividendConcept / Trade: The measurable commercial gain from Abraham Accords normalization — trade volume, direct flights, capital flows, joint ventures, and bilateral economic activity that did not exist before 2020.
NoveeCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli startup applying offensive-cyber techniques to deliver continuous, AI-driven penetration testing, founded by veterans of senior cyber roles in the Prime Minister's Office; named to Calcalist's 2026 top 50 promising startups.
NSO GroupCompany / Offensive Cyber: Israeli offensive cyber company headquartered in Herzliya, founded in 2010, best known for the Pegasus spyware platform and for its placement on the US Commerce Department Entity List in November 2021.
NTA: NTA Metropolitan Mass Transit System Ltd. (Hebrew: נת"ע — Nativey Tahbura Eyroniyim) operates as the Israeli government implementation authority for the Tel Aviv metropolitan light rail and metro network. The Israeli sta

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Oasis SecurityCompany / Identity Security: Israeli identity-security company founded in 2022 by Danny Brickman and Amit Zimerman. Built a Non-Human Identity Management platform for service accounts, API keys, OAuth tokens, and AI-agent credentials. Sequoia Series A in 2024.
Ofer FamilyFamily / Industrial Dynasty: One of the largest Israeli-origin business families globally, combined net worth roughly £20–25 billion. Idan Ofer branch controls ICL Group, Mizrahi Tefahot Bank, Eastern Pacific Shipping, and Atlético Madrid. Eyal Ofer branch controls Zodiac Maritime and Global Holdings.
Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS)Institution / Regulatory body: The predecessor body to the Israel Innovation Authority. Administered Israeli government R&D grants and technology-sector programs until reorganized as the IIA in 2016.
Offset obligationRegulatory concept / Commercial mechanism: A contractual requirement, common in defense procurement, that a foreign supplier reinvest a defined share of contract value into the buyer country — through local production, technology transfer, joint ventures, or industrial purchasing.
Oleh ChadashConcept / Legal status: Oleh chadash is the formal Israeli status of a new immigrant, granted upon completion of aliyah (Israeli immigration under the Law of Return). The status carries a defined window of tax, mortgage, and adjacent financial
Olim: Olim (Hebrew: עולים — plural of oleh / olah) refers to Jewish immigrants to the State of Israel — those making aliyah. The singular oleh (masculine) or olah (feminine) describes an individual immigrant; olim is the plura
Open BankingRegulatory framework: A regulatory framework requiring banks to share customer data, with consent, via standardized APIs to licensed third parties. Israel's regime, under the Bank of Israel and Strum reforms, enables fintech competition.
Order BacklogConcept / Defense Financials: The cumulative dollar value of signed contracts a defense prime has yet to deliver. The most-cited disclosed metric for comparing revenue visibility across primes. Elbit Systems disclosed backlog above $24B as of 2025.
Overseas Allocation: The Overseas Allocation describes the structured portion of US Jewish federation annual-campaign proceeds allocated to international Jewish institutional partners outside the United States. The mechanism operates as the

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PayoneerCompany / Fintech: Israeli cross-border payments company founded in 2005 by Yuval Tal. Builds commercial-bank-agnostic payments infrastructure for SMBs, freelancers, and marketplace sellers. Public on Nasdaq via 2021 SPAC. ~$1B in annual revenue.
PegasusProduct / Commercial Spyware: Commercial mobile-device interception platform developed by NSO Group, capable of zero-click infection of iOS and Android phones, sold to sovereign government clients under Israeli export-license terms.
Pension Reform (2008)Regulatory framework: The mandatory pension enrollment reform that shifted Israel from voluntary to compulsory employer-funded pension coverage for all employees — creating the institutional capital base that anchors the TASE.
Phoenix HoldingsBanking & Institutional Capital: One of Israel's five major insurance and long-term-savings groups. Founded 1949. TASE: PHOE. Life, pension, and asset-management franchise.
Pied-à-terreConcept / Real estate: A residential property used for partial-occupancy or secondary-residence purposes, typically in a city where the owner does not keep their primary residence. The French term — literally *"foot on the ground"* — marks the property as functional secondary housing rather than full-occupancy primary residence.
PineconeCompany / AI Infrastructure: Vector database company founded in 2019 by Edo Liberty. Built a managed vector database for retrieval-augmented generation systems. $750M valuation, led by Andreessen Horowitz. NYC HQ with significant Israeli engineering operations.
Pinui-Binui: Pinui-Binui (Hebrew: פינוי-בינוי — "evacuation-construction") is the Israeli urban-renewal regulatory framework providing for full demolition of older residential buildings and reconstruction at substantially higher dens
PluriCompany / Cell therapy: Israeli regenerative medicine company developing cell therapy and tissue engineering products. Listed on NASDAQ, focused on cell therapy applications in wound healing and regenerative medicine.
Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)Energy Contracts: A long-term electricity supply contract between a power producer and a buyer (utility, government, or industrial consumer) over 15-25 years. The foundational financing mechanism for renewable energy infrastructure.
Preferred Technological EnterpriseTax framework: An Israeli tax status under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments granting qualifying R&D-intensive companies a reduced corporate tax rate on technology income and favorable IP treatment.
Provident Fund Consolidation (Maslaka)Market Infrastructure: The provident-fund clearing layer (maslaka) is the centralized settlement infrastructure that routes contributions and transfers across Israel's pension, provident (kupot gemel), and continuing-education (keren hishtalmut) funds.
PsagotBanking & Institutional Capital: One of Israel's largest non-bank asset managers. Substantial provident-fund and study-fund administration plus investment advisory and brokerage.

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Qualitative Military Edge (QME)Doctrine / US–Israel defense: The US commitment to preserving Israel's military-technological superiority over regional rivals.

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Rafael Advanced Defense SystemsCompany / Defense prime: A state-owned Israeli defense company known for Iron Dome, the Spike missile family, and Trophy active-protection systems. Became a government corporation in 2002 from the national armament research authority.
RapydCompany / Fintech: Israeli fintech-as-a-service company founded in 2016 by Arik Shtilman, Arkady Karpman, and Omer Priel. Single-API platform for cross-border payments, card issuing, wallets, and embedded finance. $15B valuation in 2021.
Rasham HaChavarot (Registrar of Companies)Institution / Regulatory body: The government registry where every Israeli company is incorporated, maintained, and publicly searchable — the single source of truth for corporate existence in Israel.
Red Sea Routing RiskShipping & Logistics: The structural shipping disruption from the Houthi Red Sea campaign beginning late 2023. Container lines reroute around the Cape of Good Hope, adding 10-14 days transit and ~$1M per voyage cost.
Returning Resident: Toshav Chozer (Hebrew: תושב חוזר — literally "returning resident") is the Israeli legal-administrative status applied to Israeli citizens who lived abroad for at least 10 years and subsequently re-establish Israeli tax r
RoboteamCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli developer and manufacturer of combat tactical ground robotic systems, a subsidiary of Elbit Systems, supplying robots such as the Roni and MTGR to the IDF and Israel Police.
RoboticanCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli defense-tech company based in Omer that develops autonomous robotic and drone platforms for reconnaissance, border protection, and urban combat, including the Goshawk and Rooster systems.
Run:aiCompany / AI Infrastructure: Israeli Kubernetes-native AI compute orchestration company founded in 2018 by Omri Geller and Ronen Dar. Acquired by Nvidia in April 2024 for a reported $700 million. The scheduler was open-sourced post-acquisition.

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SAFE (Israeli Context)Venture / Cap Table: A SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) is a pre-priced investment instrument — adopted widely in Israeli pre-seed and seed rounds — that converts to equity at a later priced round rather than setting a valuation upfront.
Sal HaTziyudRegulatory framework: The Israeli Health Services Basket — the annually updated list of medications, treatments, technologies, and services that Israel's four health funds are legally required to provide to all citizens under the National Health Insurance Law.
Sal Klita (Absorption Basket)Framework / Aliyah benefits: The package of financial support the Israeli state provides to new immigrants in their first months.
SBTech (DraftKings acquisition)Company / Gaming technology (Acquired by DraftKings 2020): Israeli sports betting and online gaming technology company, acquired by DraftKings in 2020. Exit model for Israeli gaming/fintech innovation.
Secondary SaleTransaction type: A transaction in which existing shareholders sell their shares to new buyers rather than the company issuing new shares. The proceeds go to the seller, not the company.
Section 102Legal Structure: Section 102 of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance is the tax track governing employee equity — the rule that lets Israeli startup employees pay capital-gains rates (currently 25%) on option and share gains instead of ordinary income tax, provided the equity is held by a trustee for a set period.
Section 14 (Severance Savings)Legal Structure / Employment: The Israeli employment mechanism that converts mandatory severance-pay liability into ongoing monthly deposits, freeing employers from lump-sum exposure at termination.
SentrycsCompany / Counter-Drone: Israeli counter-drone (C-UAS) company founded 2017. Built a protocol-manipulation counter-UAS platform that takes control of hostile drones without kinetic interception or broad-spectrum jamming. Acquired by Ondas Holdings for ~$225M in 2024.
Sephardic AtlanticConcept / Diaspora History: The historical commercial network of Sephardic Jewish merchant communities across the Atlantic basin from the 16th–19th centuries, anchored by Amsterdam, London, Curaçao, and the colonial port cities of the Americas. The first organized Jewish commercial network of the modern era.
Series A / Series B / Series CVenture / Funding stages: Sequential rounds of venture capital: Series A (first institutional round), Series B (growth scaling), and Series C (late-stage expansion). Standard progression for Israeli startups.
SFO: A Single-Family Office (SFO) is a private institutional entity established to manage the financial, operational, philanthropic, and broader family-affairs activity of one UHNW family. The structure typically operates wit
Sheba Medical CenterInstitution / Academic medical center: Israel's largest hospital and a top-10 globally ranked medical center. Located in Ramat Gan. 2,000 beds, 150+ departments. Home to ARC — Israel's leading hospital-based digital health accelerator.
Shin Bet (Shabak)Institution / Intelligence agency: Israel's internal security service, responsible for counterterrorism, counter-intelligence, and protective security inside Israel and the Palestinian territories. Founded 1949. Reports to the Prime Minister. Known in Hebrew as Shabak (acronym for Sherut HaBitachon HaKlali, "General Security Service").
SIBAT: SIBAT — the Israel Ministry of Defense International Defense Cooperation Directorate — operates as the principal Israeli government entity coordinating defense exports and international defense cooperation. SIBAT license
Silicon WadiConcept / Tech geography: Nickname for Israel's dense high-technology corridor, echoing Silicon Valley.
SmartshooterCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli defense-tech company based in Kibbutz Yagur that makes AI-assisted smart weapon sights, including the SMASH fire-control system, used by the IDF and exported to militaries including the UK.
SolarEdge TechnologiesCompany / Clean energy technology: Israeli-founded smart energy company and global leader in solar inverter technology. Nasdaq-listed (SEDG), headquartered in Herzliya with manufacturing in Israel, Hungary, China, and the US.
Sovereign wealth fundConcept / Capital structure: A state-owned investment fund that deploys surplus government capital — typically from commodity revenues, foreign exchange reserves, or fiscal surplus — into a diversified portfolio for long-horizon return.
Sovereign-adjacent platformConcept / Capital structure: A private investment vehicle running in close coordination with sovereign capital — typically through minority commitments from sovereign institutions, governance overlap, or strategic-cooperation agreements — without being itself a state-owned entity.
Stablecoindigital asset: A digital token pegged to a fiat currency (typically USD). The category includes USDC, USDT, and the in-design digital shekel's private competitors.
Start-Up Nation CentralInstitution / Nonprofit: The independent nonprofit that maps and connects Israel's tech ecosystem — linking Israeli startups to global corporates, investors, and governments, and publishing the sector's most-cited ecosystem data through its Finder database.
Startup NationConcept / Economic brand: The globally recognized term for Israel's outsized concentration of technology startups and innovation per capita. Popularized by Dan Senor and Saul Singer's 2009 book. Functions as Israel's dominant economic brand identity.
Stef WertheimerPerson / Industrial founder: Israeli industrialist who built ISCAR into a global precision tooling leader (sold to Berkshire Hathaway for ~$4B) and pioneered the TEFEN industrial park model for periphery development. A foundational figure in Israeli manufacturing.
Strategic sovereign co-investmentConcept / Capital structure: A deal structure in which a sovereign wealth fund or sovereign-adjacent platform invests alongside a private institutional partner, typically with the sovereign taking a passive minority and the private partner driving governance and exit.
Strategic Technology Trade: Israeli Defense Exports, Licensing, and the Sovereignty Doctrine: Israeli defense exports hit a record $14.8 billion in 2024. Combined order backlog at IAI, Elbit, and Rafael now exceeds $65 billion. The 2016 MOU phases foreign-spendable FMF to zero by 2028.
Strategic-state investmentConcept / Capital structure: State-affiliated capital deployment that combines financial return with an explicit policy mandate — typically run through state holding companies, technology vehicles, or defense-industrial platforms rather than through pure sovereign wealth funds.
Streaming OriginalConcept / Commercial mechanism: Television program produced for direct distribution on a streaming platform rather than traditional broadcast. Israeli production operates through two patterns: licensed Israeli-broadcast originals and direct platform commissions.
Streaming Original Commissioncontract structure: A drama or unscripted series commissioned by a global streamer (Netflix, Apple, Amazon, HBO Max) directly from an Israeli production company.
SWRO (Seawater Reverse Osmosis)Water Technology: Seawater Reverse Osmosis. High-pressure membrane filtration technology removing dissolved salts from seawater to produce potable freshwater. The dominant global desalination technology. Israel operates five major SWRO plants supplying 80%+ of municipal water.

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Tabu: Tabu (Hebrew: טאבו — derived from the Ottoman-era Turkish term "tapu") is the Israeli land-registry system administered by the Israel Ministry of Justice. Tabu operates as the central registry of Israeli land ownership,
Take-or-Pay Gas ContractEnergy Contracts: A long-term gas supply agreement where the buyer pays for a specified annual minimum volume whether or not delivery is taken. Israel's principal take-or-pay contracts are with Egypt ($35B Leviathan deal) and Jordan.
TalpiotProgram / IDF talent program: Elite IDF training and academic program established 1979 that combines an undergraduate degree in mathematics, physics, and computer science at Hebrew University of Jerusalem with extended military service in technology-related units. Approximately 40–50 cadets per cohort. Alumni dominate Israeli defense R&D, cyber, and deep-tech founder ranks.
TAMA 38: TAMA 38 (Hebrew: תמ"א 38 — Tochnit Metar Artzit 38, "National Outline Plan 38") is the Israeli urban-planning regulatory framework historically operating as the principal seismic-reinforcement-driven urban-renewal mechan
TAMA 70Regulatory framework / Urban planning: Israeli national outline plan for urban densification through floor additions and selective rebuilds. Part of the framework succeeding TAMA 38.
Tamar FieldAsset / Upstream Energy: Offshore natural gas field in the Eastern Mediterranean, ~90 km west of Haifa. Discovered 2009, in production 2013. ~11 Tcf reserves. Principal supplier of Israeli domestic gas. Operated by Chevron; Mubadala Energy acquired Delek's 22% stake in 2023 for ~$1B.
TASE: The Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) operates as the sole regulated securities exchange in the State of Israel. TASE is itself a publicly listed company (TASE: TASE) following the 2019 IPO, and operates under the supervisi
TASE / Israeli Public Markets: Dual-Listings, Foreign Private Issuers, and the Institutional Capital Base: Over 80 Israeli or Israeli-founded companies hold US exchange listings. TASE anchors domestic equity through the TA-35 and TA-125 indices. Beyond finance, TASE serves as a national economic barometer.
TASE Dollar BondFinancial Instrument / Capital Markets: A US-dollar bond issued on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange by a foreign sponsor — typically a US real estate developer — through an Israeli-incorporated SPV. Gives non-Israeli issuers access to Israeli institutional capital at coupons inside comparable US private credit.
Tech Transfer Office (TTO)institution: The university-owned commercial arm that files patents on faculty research, licenses IP, and takes equity in spinouts. Yeda (Weizmann), Yissum (Hebrew U), Ramot (TAU), T3 (Technion), BGN (BGU).
Technion — Israel Institute of TechnologyInstitution / University: Israel's oldest university and leading engineering and technology institution. Located in Haifa. Three Nobel laureates. The largest single feeder of founders into Israel's startup ecosystem.
Technology Transfer Company: A Technology Transfer Company describes the institutional entity affiliated with a major research university or academic medical center responsible for commercializing intellectual property generated by university or hos
Tel Aviv MetroProgram / Infrastructure: Three-line underground metro program (M1, M2, M3) for Tel Aviv. Approved by the Israeli Cabinet in 2022. Administered by NTA. Construction staged across the 2030s-2040s.
Tel Aviv Trophy IndexIndex / Olam Research: Olam's quarterly tracker of disclosed Tel Aviv residential transactions above ₪40 million. Trophy floors, penthouses, and beachfront units predominantly bought by aliyah-and-diaspora capital. Read-out on UHNW migration momentum.
Tel Bond IndexBenchmark / Index: The Tel Bond indices are the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange's family of corporate-bond benchmarks — Tel Bond 20, 40, and 60, plus shekel and CPI-linked variants — that serve as the reference for Israeli credit.
Television Format Remake: A Television Format Remake describes the localized version of a television program produced under license from the original-format owner. The remake retains the structural and creative-property architecture of the origin
Ten-Year Foreign-Source Exemption: The Ten-Year Foreign-Source Exemption describes the structural Israeli tax architecture under which new olim and returning residents access a 10-year exemption from Israeli tax on worldwide foreign-source income followin
TennaCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli defense-tech startup that turns existing sensors into a real-time shield against jamming and spoofing, raising $13.5 million in a Seed round to help map the invisible battlefield.
Terminal Concession AgreementInfrastructure Contract: A long-term contract (typically 25 years) between a port authority and a private operator granting exclusive rights to build, finance, and operate a container or cargo terminal. The standard structure governing global container ports including Israel's Haifa Bayport (SIPG) and Ashdod Hadarom (TIL).
The AI21 Outcome: Inside the Nvidia Talks, the $2–3 Billion Range, and the Nebius Pivot: AI21 Labs entered Nvidia acquisition discussions at a $2–3 billion range per Calcalist; those talks did not close. AI21 has since opened talks with Nebius per The Information. The outcome will define the Israeli foundation-model layer.
The Eilat–Ashdod Rail: Israel's Land-Bridge Idea That Predates IMEC: Before IMEC, Israel had its own land-bridge concept: a Red Sea–to–Mediterranean rail across the Negev. Studied through the 2010s, examined by Chinese state firms, never built. Why it still gets cited — and how IMEC is structurally different.
The Israeli AI Application Map: Healthcare, FinTech, Sales, Fraud, Industrial, and the Verticals Beyond Foundation Models: Beyond foundation models and silicon, the Israeli AI economy operates across a sprawling vertical-application landscape — anchored by Aidoc in healthcare, Lemonade in insurance, Gong in sales, Riskified in fraud, AppsFlyer in marketing.
The Israeli AI-Agents Layer: Maestro, Vertical Agents, and the Agentic Stack Built in Israel: Agentic AI is the fastest-growing category in enterprise AI deployment in 2026. Israeli companies occupy a substantial share of the infrastructure layer — orchestration frameworks, vertical agents, the enterprise deployment stack.
The Jewish Agency for IsraelInstitution: Founded 1929. The principal partner institution between the Government of Israel and the global Jewish diaspora on aliyah, absorption, and Israel-diaspora coordination.
The Negev Forum at Four: What Survived October 7: The Negev Forum convened in March 2022. October 7, 2023 ended its founding diplomatic agenda. Four years on, what paused, what continued quietly, what worked commercially, and what the framework's actual load-bearing capacity turned out to be.
The UAE–Israel CEPA at Three: What the Free Trade Agreement Has Actually Produced: UAE–Israel trade has grown from $2.5B in 2022 to north of $3B by 2023 — running on CEPA, signed May 31, 2022 in Dubai. Three years on: what kind of trade, which sectors, and where the framework's limits sit.
Tofes 17Regulatory instrument: The standardized Israeli Ministry of Health form governing pharmaceutical and medical-device registration, pricing, and reimbursement within the national health system.
Tower SemiconductorCompany / Semiconductor foundry: Israeli specialty semiconductor foundry operating fabs in Israel, the US, Japan, and Italy. Nasdaq-listed (TSEM). Subject of a $5.4 billion Intel acquisition bid that was blocked by Chinese regulators in 2023.
Trade Corridors: The US, EU, Gulf, and India Routes for Israeli Commerce: Israeli commerce reaches global markets through four major routes: the US bilateral, the EU, the post-Abraham Accords Gulf corridor, and India. Defense exports to Accords countries quadrupled from 3% to 12% of total in a single year.
Trapped Profits (Revach Kalu'a)Tax framework: Multinational earnings accumulated tax-free in Israel under the Encouragement of Capital Investments Law, taxable only when distributed as dividends or moved offshore — leaving large balances "trapped" inside Israeli subsidiaries.
Trapped Profits ReformRegulatory framework: Recurring legislation offering companies a temporary reduced tax rate to release trapped profits — trading immediate Treasury revenue for the long-term deferral, run as time-limited election windows.
Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU)Shipping Metric: The standardized unit of measurement for container throughput in maritime shipping. One TEU = one twenty-foot-long intermodal container. A standard 40-foot container counts as 2 TEUs.

U

UCI WorldTour Licensesports: The top-tier road-cycling team license that guarantees participation in events including the Tour de France. Israel — Premier Tech holds a WorldTour license.
UHNW: UHNW (Ultra-High-Net-Worth) describes the wealth tier above HNW (High-Net-Worth). Different institutional definitions apply different thresholds: — Capgemini World Wealth Report: UHNW defined as individuals with $30 mill
UHNW residency portfolioConcept / Wealth-structure: The practice, common among UHNW families with Israeli exposure, of holding residency or tax-resident status across multiple jurisdictions — typically Israel plus one or two of: Switzerland, UAE, Monaco, Singapore, the US — to optimise tax treatment, succession, and physical access.
UJA-Federation of New YorkInstitution / Federation: New York's central Jewish federation. One of the largest local federations in North America. Major annual campaign and grant-making to Israeli and Jewish causes.
UnicornConcept / Valuation classification: A privately held startup valued at one billion dollars or more. Israel has produced an outsized number relative to its population — a defining metric of the country's Startup Nation economy.
Unit 81Institution / IDF technology unit: An elite IDF technology unit that builds covert operational systems and produces prolific deep-tech founders.
Unit 8200Institution / Military unit: The IDF's signals-intelligence and cyber unit, Israel's rough equivalent of the NSA. Beyond its operational role, it functions as a talent engine for the country's cybersecurity and data companies.
Urban Renewal LawLegal framework / Urban planning: Israeli legal framework for urban redevelopment and neighborhood renewal. Enables demolition and reconstruction of aging areas. Related to TAMA 70 and TAMA 38.
US-Israel Tax Treaty: The US-Israel Tax Treaty (formally the "Convention Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the State of Israel With Respect to Taxes on Income") is the bilateral tax treaty governing
UVisionCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli loitering munitions and UAS company founded in 2011 in Tirat Carmel. Designs the HERO family of canister-launched precision-strike platforms. Joint programs with MBDA in Europe and Mistral Inc. in the US.

V

Va'adat Strum (Banking Concentration Committee)reform programme: The 2016 reform that forced Hapoalim and Leumi to spin off their credit-card subsidiaries (Isracard, CAL) to break banking-payments concentration.
VATAT / Planning and Budgeting Committeeregulator: The Council for Higher Education's six-year planning and budgeting committee. Decides multi-year funding for all public Israeli universities.
Venture Capital Fund of FundsInvestment vehicle / Venture capital: An investment fund that deploys capital into multiple venture capital funds. Common vehicle for institutional investors accessing Israeli startups indirectly.
Venture DebtFinancial instrument: A loan to a startup that has already raised equity, used to extend runway without dilution. Lenders take warrants and rank ahead of equity in a wind-down. A growing complement to Israeli venture rounds.
Venture: Israeli VC, Foreign-Anchored Funds, and the Exits That Defined the Model: Israeli venture capital — the domestic VC firms, the foreign-anchored funds, and the exit history that defined the model. Google's $32 billion Wiz acquisition in March 2026 was the largest in Israeli history.
Vertical AI AgentConcept / AI Architecture: An AI software system designed to autonomously execute the workflow of a specific job function — sales, support, legal, engineering — rather than serving as a general-purpose chat assistant. The commercial layer above general-purpose foundation models.

W

WatergenCompany / Water Technology: Israeli atmospheric water-generation company founded in 2009, controlled by the Mirilashvili family. Produces units that extract drinking water from ambient humidity. Deployed in ~85 countries for disaster relief, military bases, and remote community water supply.
Weizmann Institute of ScienceInstitution / Research university: Graduate-only research university in Rehovot dedicated to natural and exact sciences. Home to Nobel laureates, the RSA co-inventor, and Yeda — one of the world's most productive tech-transfer offices.
WEKACompany / AI Infrastructure: Israeli AI storage infrastructure company founded in 2013. Built a software-defined parallel file system optimized for GPU training workloads. $1.6B valuation as of 2024, backed by Nvidia and Valor Equity Partners.
WizCompany / Cybersecurity: Cloud-security company founded 2020 by Assaf Rappaport, Yinon Costica, Ami Luttwak, and Roy Reznik — all Unit 8200 alumni and former Microsoft Cloud Security leaders. Acquired by Google in March 2026 for $32 billion in cash, the largest acquisition in Google's history and the largest Israeli technology exit ever.
Worldwide Disclosure Regime: The Worldwide Disclosure Regime describes the Israel Tax Authority disclosure architecture, effective January 1, 2026, requiring new olim and returning residents to report worldwide income and foreign assets to the ITA.

X

XmetixCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli medical-device company that developed technology to stop massive bleeding from limb injuries, originally aimed at industrial first aid, now used by the IDF to treat combat casualties.
XtendCompany / Defense-Tech: Israeli drone and robotics software company developing an operating system (XOS) for autonomous unmanned systems, supplying militaries including the IDF and, via a Lockheed Martin partnership, the US Department of Defense.

Y

Yad HanadivInstitution / Foundation: The Rothschild family philanthropic foundation in Israel and the country's largest private grantmaker. Established in modern form by Dorothy de Rothschild in 1958. Built and gifted the Knesset (1966) and Supreme Court (1992) buildings to the state.
YozmaProgram / Public venture capital: Israel's first venture capital incentive program (1993), which seeded the Israeli venture ecosystem by funding 10 private VC funds with government capital.

Z

Zero-DayConcept / Cybersecurity: A software vulnerability unknown to the vendor — zero days to patch it. Zero-day exploits are among the most valuable and contested assets in cyber, sold into both defensive and offensive markets.
Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP)cryptography: A cryptographic protocol that lets one party prove a statement is true without revealing the underlying data. STARKs (StarkWare) and SNARKs are the two main families.

Entity anchors

Companies, agencies, and institutions tracked across The Olam's coverage.

Adani Ports & SEZStrategic Technology Trade
ADIA (Abu Dhabi Investment Authority)Sovereign & Strategic Capital
ADQSovereign & Strategic Capital
Aeronautics
AIPAC (American Israel Public Affairs Committee)Organization
AlephOrganization / Venture capital firm
Aleph Farmscultivated meat
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC)Organization
aMoonOrganization / Venture capital firm
Andreessen Horowitz (a16z)Organization / Venture capital firm
Anti-Defamation League (ADL)Organization
Azrieli Group Ltd.Organization / Public company
Bank Hapoalim B.M.Organization / Public company
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M.Organization / Public company
Bank of IsraelGovernment agency / Central bank
Bar-Ilan Universityuniversity
Ben Gurion International Airportairport
Ben-Gurion University of the Negevuniversity
Bessemer Venture PartnersOrganization / Venture capital firm
Birthright Israel (Taglit-Birthright Israel)Program
BlockFi / Celsius (Israeli founder linkage)historical / cautionary
BlueBird Aero Systems
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)Strategic Technology Trade
Camtek Ltd.Organization / Public company
Capital Markets, Insurance and Savings Authorityregulator
Carmel WineryLuxury & UHNW Lifestyle
Charles and Lynn Schusterman Family PhilanthropiesOrganization / Private foundation
Check Point Software Technologies Ltd.Organization / Public company
Chevron Mediterraneanoperator (US major)
Clal Insuranceinsurance / institutional
CLP Group (China Light and Power)Organization / Public company
Controp Precision Technologies
Council for Higher Education (CHE/MALAG)regulator
CyberArk Software Ltd.Organization / Acquired (now part of Palo Alto Networks)
David Kempinski Tel AvivLuxury & UHNW Lifestyle
David Sassoon and Co. (historical)Organization / Historical commercial firm
DDTC (Directorate of Defense Trade Controls)Strategic Technology Trade
DECA (Defense Export Control Agency)Strategic Technology Trade
Delek Group Ltd.Organization / Public company / Holding company
Digital Shekel Programcentral bank programme
Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC)Strategic Technology Trade
Domaine du CastelLuxury & UHNW Lifestyle
East Mediterranean Gas Forumintergovernmental body
EastMed Pipeline (project)proposed subsea pipeline
EDGE GroupSovereign & Strategic Capital
Egyptian Natural Gas Holding (EGAS)state holding company
Eilat-Ashkelon Pipeline Company (EAPC)state pipeline operator
Elbit Systems Ltd.Organization / Public company
ELTA Systems
EMG Pipeline (Egypt-Israel)subsea pipeline
Energeanoperator (UK-listed)
Energix Renewable Energiesrenewable developer
Enlight Renewable Energyrenewable developer
Entrée CapitalSovereign & Strategic Capital
eToro Group Ltd.Organization / Public company
Fireblockscrypto custody
First International Bank of Israel (FIBI)Organization / Public company
Fiverr International Ltd.Organization / Public company
Gadot GroupStrategic Technology Trade
General Robotics
GICSovereign & Strategic Capital
Golan Heights Winery (Yarden)Luxury & UHNW Lifestyle
Hadassah Medical OrganizationOrganization / Hospital
Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of AmericaOrganization
Hapoel Tel Aviv Basketballsports club
Harel Insuranceinsurance / institutional
Hebrew University of Jerusalemuniversity
Herzog Fox & NeemanOrganization / Law firm
HOT Telecommunicationscable / triple play
ICL Group Ltd.Organization / Public company
IDE Technologiesdesalination operator
IIA Climate Solutions Divisionstate programme
Insight PartnersOrganization / Venture capital and growth equity firm
Israel — Premier Techprofessional cycling team
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanitiesnational academy
Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI)Strategic Technology Trade
Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. (IAI)Organization / State-owned company
Israel Corporation Ltd.Organization / Public company / Holding company
Israel Discount Bank Ltd.Organization / Public company
Israel Electric Corporationstate-owned utility
Israel Football Association (IFA)federation
Israel Innovation Authoritystate agency
Israel Innovation Authority (IIA)Government agency
Israel Ministry of DefenseGovernment ministry
Israel Ministry of FinanceGovernment ministry
Israel Ministry of TransportGovernment ministry
Israel Natural Gas Lines (INGL)state transmission operator
Israel Ports Companystate holding
Israel Railwaysstate operator
Israel Securities Authority (ISA)Government agency / Regulatory body
Israel Shipyards
Israel Sports Betting Board (Toto)state monopoly
Israel Tax Authority (ITA)Government agency
Israel Weapon Industries Ltd. (IWI)Organization / Privately held
J. Safra SarasinOrganization / Private bank
Jerusalem Venture Partners (JVP)Organization / Venture capital firm
Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA)Organization / Federation network
JFrog Ltd.Organization / Public company
Keshet Media Groupbroadcaster / production
Knesset Finance CommitteeGovernment body / Legislative committee
Lemonade Inc.Organization / Public company
Lightspark / Israeli BTC infrastructureBitcoin / Lightning
Lombard OdierOrganization / Private bank
Maccabi Tel Aviv Basketballsports club
MAFAT (DDR&D)
Meitar Law OfficesOrganization / Law firm
Mekorotstate water utility
Menora Mivtachiminsurance / institutional
MGXSovereign & Strategic Capital
Migdal Insurance and Financial Holdingsinsurance / institutional
Milk & Honey DistilleryLuxury & UHNW Lifestyle
Mizrahi-Tefahot Bank Ltd.Organization / Public company
Mobileye Global Inc.Organization / Public company
monday.com Ltd.Organization / Public company
Mubadala Investment CompanySovereign & Strategic Capital
National Electric Power Company (Jordan)state utility
Navan Inc.Organization / Public company
Netafimdrip irrigation
NewMed Energypartner (Delek Group)
NFXOrganization / Venture capital firm
NICE Ltd.Organization / Public company
Notable Israeli crypto VCs (Cyberstarks / Collider / DeepRoots)venture
Nova Ltd.Organization / Public company
NTA Metropolitan Mass Transit System Ltd.State-owned company
Nvidia IsraelOrganization / Corporate operating division
OurCrowdOrganization / Venture investment platform
Outbrain (Teads)Organization / Public company
Pagaya Technologies Ltd.Organization / Public company
Palo Alto Networks, Inc.Organization / Public company
Payoneer Global Inc.Organization / Public company
Pictet GroupOrganization / Private bank
Pitango Venture CapitalOrganization / Venture capital firm
Plasan
Playtika Holding Corp.Organization / Public company
Port of Ashdodseaport
Port of Eilatseaport
Port of Haifaseaport
Quantum ArtCompany
Rafael Advanced Defense SystemsStrategic Technology Trade
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.Organization / State-owned company
Rambam Health Care CampusOrganization / Hospital
Redefine Meatplant-based meat
Reichman Universityprivate university
Reshet 13broadcaster
SentinelOne, Inc.Organization / Public company
Sequoia CapitalOrganization / Venture capital firm
Setai Tel AvivLuxury & UHNW Lifestyle
Shanghai International Port Group (Ashdod South)operator (China)
Sheba Medical CenterOrganization / Hospital
SIBAT (Israel Ministry of Defense International Defense Cooperation Directorate)Government agency
Similarweb Ltd.Organization / Public company
Six Senses ShaharutLuxury & UHNW Lifestyle
Smart Shooter
SolarEdge Technologies, Inc.Organization / Public company
StarkNet Foundationfoundation (decentralized)
Strauss Group Ltd.Organization / Public company
Taboola.com Ltd.Organization / Public company
Team8Organization / Venture capital and company-building firm
Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov)Organization / Hospital
Tel Aviv Universityuniversity
Temasek HoldingsSovereign & Strategic Capital
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.Organization / Public company
The Jewish Agency for IsraelOrganization
The Norman Tel AvivLuxury & UHNW Lifestyle
The Phoenix Holdingsinsurance / institutional
The Wexner FoundationOrganization / Private foundation
Tower Semiconductor Ltd.Organization / Public company
TWG GlobalSovereign & Strategic Capital
UJA-Federation of New YorkOrganization / Local federation
Unit 8200Institution / Military intelligence unit
United King Filmsfilm distribution
US Missile Defense Agency
UVision Air
Vintage Investment PartnersOrganization / Venture capital fund of funds
Viola GroupOrganization / Investment group
Viola VenturesSovereign & Strategic Capital
Watergenatmospheric water
Wix.com Ltd.Organization / Public company
Wiz Inc.Organization / Acquired (now part of Google)
Yad HanadivOrganization / Private foundation
yes (DBS Satellite Services)pay TV / streaming
ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd.Organization / Public company