The Eastern Mediterranean Gas Pipeline (EMG) is the 90-kilometer subsea natural gas pipeline connecting Ashkelon (Israel) to El-Arish (Egypt) under the Mediterranean Sea. Originally built between 2003-2008 to flow Egyptian gas into Israel, the pipeline's flow was reversed in 2020 to carry Israeli gas from Leviathan and Tamar to Egyptian LNG facilities at Idku and Damietta for re-export to Europe.
The EMG is the operational backbone of the $35 billion August 2025 Leviathan-Egypt export contract, which commits 130 billion cubic meters of Israeli gas to Egypt's Blue Ocean Energy through 2040. Approximately half of contract proceeds — roughly $18 billion over the contract life — flows to the Israeli treasury via royalties and taxes.
Full coverage: Leviathan and the Egyptian Offtake.
